Eggplant cultivation is a popular vegetable cultivation. Cultivation of brinjal is quite simple and good yield can be obtained with proper care and maintenance. Some of the important steps of eggplant cultivation are discussed below

Soil Preparation

– Soil Type: Eggplant is cultivated in almost all types of soil, from light sandy to heavy alluvial soil. Light sandy soil is suitable for cultivation of early varieties of brinjal. To cultivate eggplant in this type of soil, a large amount of organic fertilizers and other fertilizers must be applied frequently. Alluvial loam and silty loam soils are suitable for brinjal cultivation and the yield of brinjal is high in these soils. The soil selected for brinjal cultivation needs to be deep, fertile and well-drained. Suitable soils and climates for brinjal cultivation are sandy loam or loam to heavy clay soil i.e. brinjal is grown in almost all types of soil. Eggplant generally produces best at 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is more or less, the flowering and fruiting of eggplant is disrupted. Therefore, the winter climate is very suitable for brinjal cultivation.
– Soil Cultivation: The land should be well cultivated to loosen the soil. Weeds should be cleared from the land and organic fertilizers should be added to the soil.

Advanced Varieties

Bari Eggplant-1, Bari Eggplant-2, Bari Eggplant-4, Bari Eggplant-5, Bari Eggplant-6, Bari Eggplant-7, Bari Eggplant-8, Bari Eggplant-9, Bari Eggplant-10, Bari Hybrid Eggplant -3, Bari Hybrid Eggplant-4, Bari Bt Eggplant-1, Bari Bt Eggplant-2, Bari Bt Eggplant-3, Bari Bt Eggplant-4. Besides some local varieties like Islampuri, Khatkhatia, Nayan Kajal, Dim Begun, Shingnath etc.
Sowing seeds: First, the seeds should be well cultivated in a place and the soil should be made like a powder. The seeds should be planted there. When the seedlings grow from the seeds, they should be well taken care of when the seedlings are 1 meter. 8 inch high bed should be made according to soil type. Seed rate: About 0.5 grams of seed is required per cent. All cow dung, TSP, gypsum, zinc, boron and 210 g of potash should be applied to the soil at the time of final cultivation.

Land preparation and planting

Generally, for the preparation of field land, the soil should be plowed 4-5 times and the soil should be disturbed with a ladder. 35-45 days old seedlings are suitable for planting. At this time, 5-6 leaves grow in the seedling and the seedling is about 15 cm. is long Eggplant seedlings can be planted even if they are a little older. If necessary, the seedlings can be kept in the seed bed for up to two months. So that the roots are not damaged during planting, the soil should be soaked with water 1-2 hours before planting. Planting distance depends on variety, soil fertility and production season. Generally: 90 cm in the case of large size brinjal varieties. 60 cm apart in a row. Seedlings can be planted at intervals and in case of miniature varieties 75 cm. 50 cm in a row. Seedlings can be planted at intervals. If possible, the seedlings should be planted in the afternoon so that the seedlings do not dry out soon after planting in the field.

Plant Care

400 grams of urea and 200 grams of potash should be applied for the first time 10-15 days after planting, the second time when fruiting begins and the third time in the middle of fruit collection. Irrigation: Light irrigation up to 3-4 days after transplanting and thereafter after every installment of fertilizer. It is convenient to irrigate the land with drains on both sides of the bed.
Fertilizer application: Eggplant absorbs a large amount of nutrients from the soil. Therefore, satisfactory production of brinjal is not possible without fertilizers. Fertilizer
Quality depends on soil fertility strength. The following amount of fertilizer per hectare can be recommended for brinjal cultivation. The first installment of fertilizer should be applied 10-25 days after planting, the second installment at the onset of fruiting and the third at mid-fruiting. If there is no sap in the land, irrigation should be done immediately after application of fertilizers.
Pest Management: The most damaging pest of eggplant is the eggplant tip and fruit borer. Small red spiders are the main enemy in some areas. Apart from this, thorn beetles or epalakna beetles, jab beetles, umbrella beetles, leafhoppers, leafhoppers, thrips, cutworms etc. damage eggplants. IPM system should be used to control these insects.

Disease Management

Downy and root rot are two serious diseases of brinjal in this country. This disease is seen almost in eggplant fields. Fruit rot also kills many eggplants. Damping off disease in seedbed causes forage blight. Apart from this diseases such as mosaic, small leaves, root knot etc. also cause considerable damage to eggplant crops.

Harvesting and yielding of fruits

Fruits should be harvested before full maturity. Fruits are ready to harvest when they are fully formed but the seeds are not hard. The skin of the fruit will be bright and shiny at the time of collection. When overripe, the fruit takes on a greenish yellow or copper color and the skin becomes hard and spongy. Many can determine whether fruit is ripe for picking by finger pressure. In this case, if it sits when pressed with the help of two fingers and returns to its original state when the pressure is removed, then it is understood that the eggplant is young and if it feels soft when pressed, but does not sit and there are fingerprints, then it is understood that it is suitable for collection. If the fruits are harvested at a very young stage, the quality of the fruit is better, but the yield is less. From the time the fruit grows to near maturity – brinjal is good for eating. Generally, it takes about 1 month to get fruits after flowering. The yield is 17-64 tons per hectare depending on the variety.