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How to cultivate yam

One of our familiar vegetables is spinach. Among the vegetable dishes, spinach is the best of all. spinach is a nutritious and delicious vegetable. spinach is cultivated almost everywhere.

Due to the use of chemical fertilizers in spinach cultivation, spinach leaves are small in size and the leaves are easily stained. As a result, it tastes bitter and is not easily digested. And if the drainage system is not good, the roots often rot.

Notable varieties of Puishak:

There are two types of Puishak, depending on the color. Red and green. The red variety is Manisha. Among the green varieties, the best is Puishak 1 (Chitra). There are many other varieties of green Puishak. These include Madhuri, Green Leek, Motalata, Rupsa Green, etc.

Required climate and soil:

Puishak grows in tropical regions. Hot and humid weather and sunshine are the preferences of the puishak plant. The growth and yield of the plant are less in low temperatures. Puishak grows in all types of soil. However, puishak grows best in well-drained sandy loam to silty loam soil. Therefore, it is better to use loam, sandy loam and clay soil for cultivating puishak in pots.

Let’s know the method of cultivating poishak without chemical fertilizers:

1) For cultivating poishak in a pot, half loam soil and half rotted cow dung or rotten leaves should be added.

2) You can plant poishak in a large tub or cement bag. Sprinkle the seeds on the soil mixed with soil and fertilizer and water it lightly with soil. Before planting the seeds, the seeds should be treated with fungicide. In addition, you can soak them in water overnight and bury the seeds in the soil prepared in the tub the next morning.

3) It is not important to give any chemical or artificial fertilizer for poishak to grow. Liquid fertilizer is very necessary for poishak. For this, liquid fertilizer should be made with mustard seed and added to the tub every 15 days. Along with this, fertilizer made by rotting vegetable peels should be added. Fertilizer should be applied by making a hole 6 inches away from the base of the plant.

4) The leaves of the plant often curl. The leaves of the tree become wrinkled due to insects. For this, you can make a natural pesticide at home. You can boil neem leaves and give them water. This is very beneficial. Sometimes, fungal attacks are seen at the base of the marigold plant. For that, apply ash to the base. By doing this, the marigold will be far away from diseases and pests.

Weeding and hoeing:

Weeds can accumulate inside the tub, so you have to be careful to clean the weeds. To get more yield, you have to fertilize. Water should never be allowed to accumulate at the base of the Puisha plant. Then the base of the plant can rot. Also, if there is a lot of rain, it is seen that the soil at the base is washed away. So after the rain, the base of the plant should be covered with soil. When the seedlings are 25-30 centimeters high, the tips should be cut off, as this makes the plant bushy.

Pick and eat the leaves that are free from chemical fertilizers, without spots and large in size. It will taste good!

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Spinach Cultivation Method

Spinach has nutritional value. Spinach is popular among health conscious people. Spinach contains high levels of magnesium, which helps in reducing blood pressure. The high levels of vitamin A, lymphocytes or white blood cells present in it protect the body from various infections and diseases.
Selection of varieties for cultivation


Different varieties of spinach include Pusha Jayanti, Kopi Spinach, Green, Sabuj Bangla and Tok Spinach. There are also Nobel Giant, Banerjee Giant, Pushpa Jyoti etc.

What should the soil be like for spinach?

Loamy fertile soil is more suitable. It can also be cultivated in clay, sandy-loam soil.

How to prepare the soil?

The soil should be prepared by cultivating the land and leveling it with a ladder.

Rules for applying chemical and organic fertilizers

Manure should be applied during the last cultivation of the land, but urea should be applied at the end of cultivation. However, it is better to apply cow dung at the beginning of land preparation.

Urea fertilizer should be mixed with the soil in 2-3 installments after 8-10 days of seedling emergence and every 10-12 days.

 

Every hundredth of acre, cow dung ⇒ 40 kg, urea ⇒ 1 kg, TSP ⇒ 500 grams and MP ⇒ 500 grams are given.

Selection and preparation of soil in spinach land:

In spinach cultivation, soil has to be prepared in the land. High soil is selected for spinach with soil. Spinach seeds can be sown in advance in high soil. Soil has to be prepared by digging the soil with a spade and cleaning the weeds.

Seed sowing rate

Per ale ⇒35-40 grams, per hundred ⇒117 grams, per acre ⇒9-11 kg, per hectare ⇒25-30 kg

Best time to sow seeds:

The best time to sow spinach is September-January. Spinach seeds should be sown 10 cm apart. However, seeds can also be sown by sprinkling. Germination takes about 7-8 days after sowing.

Spinach can be cultivated by sprinkling seeds directly on the ground or by making holes and sowing seeds in the beds, or by making seedlings in the seedbed and planting those seedlings. Before sowing the seeds, the seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours. Holes should be made at a specific distance and 2-3 seeds should be sown in each bed.

 

Spinach field care

Weeds should be removed as soon as they appear in the soil.

Fertilizer should be applied regularly and on time.

Spinach requires a lot of water. Therefore, before applying fertilizer, it is necessary to irrigate the soil by understanding its ‘soil’ condition. Light irrigation is necessary after planting.

If the seedlings in a place die or the seeds do not germinate, replant the seedlings in that place within 7-10 days.

 

For the rapid growth of spinach plants, the soil should be loosened after each irrigation to retain moisture in the soil for a longer period and to allow light and air to enter the soil easily.

8-10 days after the seeds germinate, 2 seedlings should be placed in each hole and the additional seedlings should be lifted and planted in the empty space.

 

What to do in case of insect attacks

Spinach is sometimes attacked by ants, aphids, termites and leaf-boring insects. If attacked, the affected plants should be removed.

Other diseases of spinach

The main diseases of spinach include root rot, leaf spot disease, and leaf collapse disease. In addition, spinach is susceptible to two other diseases. Such as downy mildew and leaf spot.

Spinach can be harvested one month after sowing the seeds and can be harvested at any time until the plant flowers.

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Easy method of cultivating bitter gourd in a pot

 

Bitter gourd is a very well-known summer vegetable. However, now bitter gourd is cultivated all year round. Bitter gourd is a very beneficial vegetable for the human body. It can be eaten fried or cooked as a curry. Let’s find out how to cultivate bitter gourd on the roof or in a tub at home.

Benefits of bitter gourd:

Bitter gourd juice contains anti-inflammatory ingredients, which reduce the body’s cholesterol levels. The antioxidants in bitter gourd juice increase the brightness of the skin and hair and help cure skin diseases. Bitter gourd juice is also very beneficial in losing weight. Bitter gourd juice burns fat cells and prevents the formation of new fat cells.

Soil preparation for bitter gourd cultivation:

Bitter gourd can be cultivated in almost all soils. However, the yield is better if cultivated in loamy and sandy loamy soils rich in organic matter. To cultivate bitter gourd, first mix 2 parts loam or sandy loam soil, 1 part cow dung, 20-30 grams of TSP fertilizer, 20-30 grams of potash fertilizer, fill a drum with water and leave it for a week. Then, turn or shake the soil a little and leave it like this for another 4-5 days.

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Sowing and transplanting:

To grow bitter gourd in pots, sow the seeds in small pots or seed trays with well-drained potting mix. Seeds should be sown approximately 1 inch deep. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Germination takes about 7-14 days, depending on the temperature.
Once the seedlings have developed a few true leaves and are strong enough to handle, they can be transplanted into pots. Make sure that there is only one plant in each pot so that there is enough room for growth. Place the pots in a sunny location where the plant can get at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.

 

Irrigation:

The soil in the drum or pot should be soaked with water a day or 24 hours before sowing the bitter gourd seeds. After sowing the seeds, the soil should be leveled and pressed down with your hands. After sowing the bitter gourd seeds, it should be watered regularly. But care should be taken that no water accumulates in the pot or at the base of the plant. Otherwise, the roots of the plant will rot. Therefore, irrigation water must be applied in the correct amount.

Care and Maintenance:

When the bitter gourd tree grows, the unnecessary or dead leaves of the tree should be removed. The soil in the tub or drum should be loosened with a light hoe, then the roots will grow. If weeds grow, they should be uprooted. Keeping the base of the tree clean reduces the incidence of diseases and insects. When the tree is a little bigger, it should be raised. The tree should be sprayed with pesticides regularly. The right amount of fertilizer should be given. After the seedlings emerge from the bitter gourd seeds, the seedlings should be watered occasionally. And the seedlings should be taken care of. When the bitter gourd starts bearing, mustard seed should be diluted with rotten water and given to the tree regularly every 15-20 days. Organic fertilizer should be given to the tub so that the tree can grow by producing food from the soil. If necessary, chemical fertilizers can be used as per the advice of the agricultural officer.

 

Insect and disease control in bitter gourd cultivation:

Bitter gourd trees can be attacked by various insects including flies, pumpkin beetles and various pests including viral mosaic disease, powdery mildew. If the tree is attacked by diseases or insects, pesticides should be sprayed as per the advice of the Upazila Agriculture Officer. Sex pheromone and poison bait traps can be used together to avoid insect attacks.

 

Bitter gourd collection:

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You can harvest bitter gourds when they are small or even when they are large, but they should be harvested when they are raw. Ripe bitter gourds cannot be eaten as a curry. Therefore, the fruit should be harvested before it is ripe.

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Radish cultivation methods and nutritional value.

Although radish is a nutritious vegetable, many people do not like to grow radish. Radish contains a lot of carotene, also known as vitamin A, calcium, and iron. Radish cultivation is increasing day by day in this country. Farmers are especially inclined towards radish cultivation in the off-season.

Land and soil

Radish can be cultivated on high, medium high and medium low lands. Well-drained sandy loam soil is good for radish cultivation. Radish growth is reduced in clayey soil. For radish cultivation, the land has to be deeply ploughed and harrowed. The use of ash and organic fertilizers increases the growth of radish.

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Varieties

 
Although high-yielding radish cultivation started with the famous Japanese Tasaki San variety, now about 25 varieties of radish are being cultivated. New short-lived, high-yielding hybrid varieties are coming up all the time. Notable varieties are Bari Moola 1, Bari Moola 2, Bari Moola 3, Everest, White Prince, Biplob 94, Himalaya F1, Super 40, Mukti F1, Tasaki, Quick 40, Rocky 45, White Rocket, White 40, G Chetki, Sufla 40, BSBD 2101 F1, Anarkali, Durbar, Rocket F1, Summer Best F1, Haven F1, Mino Early Long White, Barkati 40 F1, Pilot F1, Sigma 40, etc. Below is a brief introduction to the different varieties of radish –
 
Barimula 1 (Tasakisan) – Seeds are sown from Bhadra to Kartik month. Radish can be harvested 40-45 days after sowing. Radish is white in color, balloon-shaped, long and large, about 35 centimeters in length, each radish weighs 1 kg on average. Not as plump as domestic radish. Yield per hectare is 65-70 tons.
 
Barimula 2 (Pinki) – Seeds are sown from Bhadra to Kartik month. Radish can be harvested 40-45 days after sowing. Radish is reddish in color, tubular, about 25-30 centimeters in length, medium-sized, average weight of each radish is 900 grams. Suitable for eating vegetables. Yield per hectare is 65-70 tons.
 
Barimula 3 (Druti) – Seeds are sown from Bhadra to Kartik month. Radish can be harvested 40-45 days after sowing. The color of the radish is white, tubular. The edges of the leaves are wavy. Half of the radish is above the ground. The average weight of each radish is 400-600 grams. The yield per hectare is 40-45 tons. The life span is 40-45 days. It is resistant to diseases and insect attacks. Good seeds can be produced in the climate of this country. About 1.2-1.3 tons of seeds are available per hectare.
 
Everest F1 – Can be cultivated throughout the year. Can be cultivated 3 times in the same season on the same land. Does not flower easily. Radish can be harvested 40-45 days after sowing. The color of the radish is white, tubular, small in size, the average weight of each radish is 400-500 grams. Suitable for eating vegetables. The yield per hectare is 50-60 tons.
 
White Prince F1 – Seeds should be sown from mid-Shravan to Bhadra. Radish can be harvested 40-45 days after sowing. Early, fast-growing, scaly and tasty, the average weight of each radish is 300-400 grams. Suitable for eating vegetables. Yield per hectare is 50-60 tons.
Mino Early Long White- Seeds are sown from Ashwin to Agrahayan month and radishes emerge in Paush Falgun. Radish can be harvested 40-45 days after sowing. Radish is long, white, good in summer. The average weight of each radish is 250-400 grams. Yield per hectare is 40-50 tons.
 

Seed rate and sowing

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Most radishes are sown by seed. 2.5-3.0 kg of seeds are required for sowing per hectare. Usually, seeds are sown by scattering. However, sowing in rows is more convenient for maintenance. If sowing in rows, the distance between one row and another should be 25-30 cm.

Fertilizer dosage

Fertilizer name                                       Amount of fertilizer
                                                                      Every century             Per hectare
Urea                                                                       1.2-1.4 kg              300-350 kg
TSP                                                                        1.0- 1.2 kg              250-300 kg
MOP                                                                     0.85-1.4kg             215-300 kg
Dung                                                                        32-40kg             8-10 tons
 

Fertilizer application method

While preparing the land, all the organic fertilizer, TSP and half of the MOP fertilizer should be mixed with the soil. Urea and the remaining half of the MOP fertilizer should be divided into 2 equal installments and sprinkled and irrigated in the third and fifth weeks after sowing the seeds. To produce radish seeds, boric powder/borax must be used as boron fertilizer in the land. 10-15 kg of boric acid/borax per hectare is enough.
 

Care

After 7-10 days of sowing, the extra seedlings should be thinned out. It is better to keep one seedling at a distance of 30 cm. If the soil is low in moisture, irrigation should be given. Irrigation should be given immediately after applying fertilizer per hectare. Weeds should be cleared. When the soil becomes hard, the top layer of soil should be broken with a hoe.
 

Pest Management

Flea beetles often damage radish leaves by making small holes in them. In addition, sawflies, scorpions, and horseflies eat the leaves. Jab beetles cause damage during seed production.
 
Disease Management
Alternaria leaf spot is a common problem on radish leaves. White spot is also seen.
 
Harvesting and harvesting radishes should be done before they become hard and fibrous. However, this possibility has been greatly reduced with the introduction of hybrid varieties. Still, radishes should be harvested while they are still young. This fetches a good market price and tastes good. Depending on the variety, the yield is 40-60 tons per hectare.
 

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Dragon fruit cultivation at a glance

This pink and white fruit with soft skin and sweet smell is very delicious to eat. This fruit is rich in vitamin C, mineral nutrients and is an excellent source of fiber. Many people avoid it because it is more expensive than other fruits. But did you know that you can start cultivating it on a small scale on the roof of your house or in a small space on the balcony. On the one hand, this will save you the cost of buying the fruit, and on the other hand, you can earn extra money by selling this fruit to people around your house. Let’s find out how to easily start cultivating this fruit at home –

Collecting cuttings

If you want to cultivate dragon fruit privately or commercially, then first you need to collect good quality dragon fruit cuttings from a nursery.

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Dragon fruit cultivation Time


Dragon fruit can usually be cultivated throughout the year. Since it is a fairly hardy species of tree, you can plant seedlings in almost all seasons. However, cultivating dragon fruit on the roof gives good yields. If you plant seedlings, you will definitely get benefits.
Selection of fruit tub:
You can cultivate dragon fruit in your roof garden in an earthen tub or drum. However, it is best if you choose a 20-inch drum. Because, the seedlings will be able to spread their roots well in this size drum and the yield will be very good.

Selection Soil

For dragon cultivation, choose sandy-loamy soil rich in organic matter. Initially, you have to collect sandy-loamy soil and clean it well. Then, mix cow dung, 50 grams of potash fertilizer and 50 grams of TSP with the soil well. Soak the mixture of fertilizer and soil with sufficient water. Now, leave all the ingredients in your selected drum for 10-12 days. Then, thoroughly rake the soil in the drum with a rake and leave it for another 4-5 days. When the soil becomes slightly dry, plant the collected cuttings in the drum or pot.

Care

If the dragon tree is not properly cared for, the yield will not be good. Although it is not attacked by many diseases and pests, other environmental care must be taken regularly. After planting the seedlings, keep the drum in a sunny place. Since it is a cactus-like plant, it does not need to be watered much in cultivation. While watering the seedlings, make sure that water does not accumulate at the base. To easily drain the excess water inside the drum, make 4-5 holes at the bottom of the drum before filling the soil. Since the branches of the dragon tree are like vines, tie the tree to the pole or tire rack as soon as the tree grows slightly. This will prevent the tree from falling easily.

Plant medicine

Even after good care, dragon trees can sometimes be attacked by insects. If you ever notice that the roots, trunk, or base of the tree are rotting, aphids or mealybugs or insects have attacked it, the tree looks weak, or the color of the tree has turned pale, then you can apply any of Sumithion, Decis, or Malathion to the tree according to the instructions written on the medicine package.

Fruit collection

The fruit can be collected at the age of 12-18 months after planting the dragon fruit cuttings. If the fruit is ready to eat within 35-40 days of flowering, collect it on time. Otherwise, the fruit may spoil on the tree itself.

 

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Garlic cultivation at a glance

Benefits of Garlic

Garlic is an important ingredient used in everyday food. Garlic is used to add flavor to all types of curries. Many people also like to eat pickled garlic.
This garlic has many nutrients. Rich in medicinal properties, this ingredient was used as medicine in ancient times. Garlic is considered a superfood because of its nutritional value. Garlic contains thiamine (vitamin B1), niacin (vitamin B3), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), vitamin B6, folate (vitamin B9), sulfur compound and selenium etc. which are beneficial for the body.

Improved Varieties

Bari Rasun-1, Bari Rasun-2 and Bari Rasun-3, Bari Rasun-4.

If it is good, you can take a garlic and take the pods from it and plant those pods

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Time to sow garlic


Garlic is usually planted in late autumn or early winter, as it needs a cold period – most varieties need one to two months at 0-10°C (32-50°F) for good bulb development. However, a few varieties are suitable for early spring planting.

Cultivation method

A channel is made in the loamy soil so that water does not accumulate and the garlic is planted in it. 4 m long and 1.5 m wide blocks are usually made for planting garlic in line. Garlic cloves should be planted in 1 (one) inch deep furrows 3-4 inches apart in lines four inches apart. At the time of planting, cover the cow with the tip facing upwards.

Fertilizer management

Complete cow dung, TSP, gypsum, boron and half urea and half potash fertilizers should be mixed with the soil first while preparing the land. The rest of the urea and potash fertilizers should be applied in two installments in equal proportions 25 days and 50 days after sowing of garlic. Besides, if ash is applied to the land, the soil is loose and the yield is high.

Irrigation

Mulching the soil with a layer of dry kachuripana or paddy straw 4 to 5 cm thick will improve the yield of garlic. In this case, more irrigation is not required. If cultivated without mulch, irrigation should be done every 15 to 20 days depending on the type of land. After irrigation, the soil must be broken after the soil becomes fertile. After 30-60 minutes of irrigation, the irrigation canal should be opened. Irrigation should be stopped 3 weeks before harvesting garlic.

Weeds

Monitor the soil regularly. After irrigation and fertilizing, weeding is done as soon as the joe arrives. Weed control should be done after 20-25 days of seedling growth. If the tree is too thick, it should be thinned. From the seedling stage to the formation of garlic, the land should be cleared of weeds by hoeing 2 to 3 times.
Weather and disasters: If water accumulates on the land due to heavy rains, measures should be taken to remove the water quickly by making drains.

Insects

Garlic leafhopper Emamectin benzoate insecticide (eg Proclaim 10 gm) or Cypermethrin insecticide (eg Ripcord 10 liquid or Simbush 10 liquid 20 ml / 4 mouths) should be mixed with every 10 liters of water and sprayed every 5th century, 2 times after 10 days. have to do Care must be taken when spraying the medicine.
For control of thrips, Imidachloroprid insecticide (such as Edmayer or Tido 7-10 ml / 2 mouths) should be mixed with 10 liters of water and sprayed every 5 hundredths 2/3 times every 10 days. Care must be taken when spraying the medicine.
In case of small spider attack, sulfur type (Cumulus DF or Ronovit 80 WG or Thiovit 80 WG or Sulfolac 80 WG, Macsulphur 80 WG or Sulphatox 80 WG) should be sprayed by mixing 250 grams per 10 liters of water.

Disease

Downy mildew disease of garlic Mix Mencozeb + Metaloxyl fungicide (Ridomil Gold 20 gm) or Iprodione fungicide (Rovral 20 gm) in 10 liters of water and spray 3-4 times after 10-12 days. Care must be taken when spraying the medicine.
Mix Mencozeb + Metaloxyl fungicide (Ridomil Gold 20 gm) or Iprodione fungicide (Roveral 20 gm) in 10 liters of water and spray 3-4 times after 10-12 days. Care must be taken when spraying the medicine.
To control purple blotch disease of garlic, Carbendazim fungicide (eg Emcozim 20 gm) or Mencozeb + Metaloxyl fungicide (Ridomil Gold 20 gm) should be mixed with 10 liters of water and sprayed well every 12-15 days for 2-3 times every 5 centuries. Care must be taken when spraying the medicine.
For control of red rust disease of garlic propiconazole type fungicide (such as tilt 5ml/1 mouth) should be mixed with 10 liters of water and sprayed 2-3 times every 5th century after 10-12 days. Caution should be taken while spraying the medicine.

warning

Before using pesticides/insecticides, read the label on the bottle or packet carefully and follow the directions. Wear safety clothing during use. No smoking or drinking during use. Be careful not to let water from pesticide-sprayed land run into open water bodies. Market the crops of pesticide applied fields at least seven to 15 days later. Wear protective clothing when using pesticides/insecticides. Do not smoke or drink during use.

conservation

The soil has to be cleaned. Then dry it in the shade for 3-4 days. Garlic can become soft when dried in the sun. Then the garlic is cut from the stem and stored. Hang dried garlic seeds in a loft in a light ventilated room. Garlic is good in it. If there is more quantity, dry it and cool it and keep it in a net bag. In addition, a large amount of dry garlic in the freezer at 0-2 degrees C. Store longer at 60-70% humidity at room temperature.

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Onion Cultivation Method

Onion is an essential ingredient in the diet. Onion is generally used as a spice, but onion is also used as a vegetable and salad. Onion not only makes food attractive and adds flavor to food, but also increases the nutritional value of food and its medicinal properties are also immense. But if you want, you can grow onions at home. Let’s know how to grow onions in a tub at home.

Preparation: If preparing the soil by adding manure or composted organic matter, do it a few weeks before sowing/planting.

Location: Choose a place on the balcony or roof of the house where there is plenty of light and air.

If you want, you can make such a box and grow onions in it
 
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How To Sowing Onions

Onions can be planted from seeds or scondas (small partially grown onion bulbs). The sets are expensive but they have higher yield rates than others and require less labor.
If sowing from seed, sow about 2 cm deep, leaving about 1 inch between seeds. If sowing in rows, space the rows about 30 cm apart.
It is important that the soil is moist before sowing, so test the soil the day before sowing and water if the soil is dry.


If planting onion bulbs, plant about 30 cm apart. Onions do not need to be loosened if they are cultivated using skanda. Dig a small hole for each skanda and place the skanda on top of the neck. By covering with soil the tip of the skandha will be visible only above the soil.

How to Characteristics of good seeds

A good seed will not sit under pressure if pressed by hand.
It is said to be a good seed if it breaks when put in the mouth and pressed with the teeth. Bad seeds will flatten.
Good seeds sink in water. Bad seeds will float up.

How to Onions Breed Introduction

 

Bari Onion-1: The tuber of this variety is more ribbed. Each plant has 10-12 leaves. Yield 12-16 tons per hectare. Seed yield per hectare is 600-650 kg. Bari Onion-1 is resistant to purple blotch and stemphyllum diseases. The variety is suitable for rabi season cultivation.

Bari Onion-2: The variety is a short duration crop especially in Kharif season i.e. summer. It looks round and red in color.

Bari Onion-3: The variety is a short duration crop especially in Kharif season i.e. summer. It looks round and red in color.
Bari Onion-4: It is a high yielding winter onion. The shape is round, the color is grayish-reddish and wrinkled. Yield 17-22 tons per hectare.
Bari Onion-5: This variety is a short duration crop suitable for summer cultivation. It can be cultivated throughout the year. It takes 95-110 days from seed to harvest. Average yield is 18-20 tons per hectare.

How to Onions Cultivation time

 

In our country, onions are mainly cultivated during Rabi and Kharip seasons. For cultivation in Kharip season, seeds are sown under seedbed for cultivation in Rabi season.

Soil Type: Onions should be grown in fertile soil and well drained tubs. Loam and sandy loam soils are good for onion cultivation. The soil should be loose. If your soil is heavy, you can add some organic compost or manure to the soil to help it retain moisture. Onion is generally a cold climate crop. If the temperature is high during onion cultivation, then the onion will be shriveled. Onions prefer a slightly acidic soil – a pH of 5.5-6.5 is ideal for growing onions. Onion beds should be weeded frequently by pruning. It is grown from seed but should be thinned when the onion reaches a height of about 5 cm.

Fertilizer management

Dung manure, urea, TSP and MOP fertilizers are applied to onion beds. The ratio of urea, TSP and MOP should be 3:2:1.5. At the time of land preparation, half of the urea and the rest of the fertilizer should be mixed into the soil. After 20 days of transplanting, the remaining urea fertilizer is applied.

Irrigation and weed management

If the land lacks water in winter, irrigation should be done. There should be holes in the tub or bed so that rainwater does not stand up during the monsoon season. The land should be kept free from weeds. After irrigation the land should be loosened by harrowing. In the case of onion tuber production, flower buds should be broken as soon as they appear.

 

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How To onion Harvesting Time


Onions are good to pick after a week when the tops start to fall off and turn yellow.
You can use a fork to lift the onion from the ground. Be careful not to damage the skins as this helps various insects to attack onions.


Onions should be collected on a sunny day, cleaned if soiled, and then placed on a soil surface where they are exposed to sun and air to dry. Leave the onion there for a few days. Cut the tops of the onions 2 cm above the top with a sharp knife. So that there is no direct attack of any disease on onion bulbs.


Do not store any damaged onions together. Because if they are stored, it can damage other healthy onions.
If you want to store onions over the winter, you can hang them in a well ventilated place.

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Chilli Cultivation in easy way

There is no match of green chillies to enhance the flavor in cooking. Green chillies are used in cooking in various ways. Sometimes the taste of cooking is enhanced with batter, sometimes chili. Green chillies not only enhance the taste of cooking but also have many other properties. Green chillies are rich in many vitamins and minerals. It contains vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, vitamin C. This salty food is rich in vitamin A and folate. In addition, green chillies contain several minerals useful for the body including calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, phosphorus, zinc, sodium, copper.

Growing Peppers in Containers: A Complete Guide

Your pepper plants are easy to manage and ideal for small spaces such as balconies, patios or even indoors This blog will guide you through the necessary steps to successfully grow peppers in containers.

Best Climate for Chilli Cultivation

Chili peppers thrive in warm temperatures, ideally between 70°F and 85°F (21°C to 29°C). It is important to plant them in spring or summer when the temperature is stable. Since peppers love sunlight, place your pots in a location that gets 6-8 hours of sunlight per day.

Selection of containers for pepper cultivation

The first step to growing peppers in containers is choosing the right container. The pot should be at least 10-12 inches deep and wide enough to accommodate the roots. This gives the plant enough space to grow without being root-bound. Pots made of terracotta or plastic are ideal, but make sure they have good drainage holes to prevent waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot.

Soil preparation for pepper cultivation

Peppers require well-drained, fertile soil. A regular potting soil mix with organic compost or perlite works great to ensure proper aeration and nutrient availability. Dung, TSP, Gypsum and Boron should be mixed in the soil at the time of complete and MOP final cultivation. Mop should be applied 10-15 cm from the base of the plant and mixed with the soil before irrigation. Avoid using heavy garden soil in pots, as it can compact and stunt plant growth.

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Planting and watering pepper seedlings

Chili seeds or seedlings are easy to plant. If using seeds, sow them about 1.2″ deep into the soil and cover lightly. Water to keep the soil moist but not soggy. Once the seedlings are established, thin them out to make sure each plant has enough space. Water your pepper plants regularly. , but allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings to avoid overwatering, which can cause fungal problems.

Pepper tree pruning and support

As your pepper plants grow, they may need some light pruning to encourage bushier growth. Remove any yellow leaves or weak stems to focus the plant’s energy on producing fruit. In some cases, plants can become top-heavy with fruit, so consider using stakes or cages to support them.

Dealing with pests and diseases

Growing peppers in pots reduces the risk of pests compared to planting them in the ground, but you may still encounter problems such as aphids, whiteflies or spider mites. Use organic insecticidal soap to treat infestations and check your plants regularly for signs of pests or disease. Overwatering can cause root rot, so always make sure your container has proper drainage.

Chilli harvest

Peppers are usually ready to harvest 60 to 90 days after planting, depending on the variety. Harvest them when they reach their full size and color, be it green, red or yellow. To avoid damaging the plant, use scissors or pruning shears to snip the pepper from the stem.

Benefits of growing peppers in pots

Growing peppers in containers has several advantages, especially in regions like the US, UK and Germany, where outdoor growing conditions can vary. You can easily move the containers to protect them from cold temperatures or excessive rain. Additionally, containers allow better control over soil conditions, water levels and sunlight exposure.

Conclusion

Growing peppers in pots is a great way for home gardeners to enjoy fresh, native peppers. With proper care, including proper water, sunlight and fertilization, your potted pepper plants will thrive and produce bountiful crops. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, this method is simple, space-efficient and rewarding.

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Coriander cultivation at a glance

Coriander is loved by almost all people. Rich in nutrients, these leaves add flavor to curries. Also, this beautiful green coriander is used as a spice in various dishes. Its scientific name is Coriandrum sativum and it is an annual plant. In Bangladesh, generally all kinds of coriander seeds are used as a spice in food. Also, regular consumption of coriander in winter has tremendous benefits.

 

Improved Varieties of Coriander

High yielding varieties such as Bari Coriander 1, LB-60, LB-65 and Sugandha can be cultivated throughout the year.

 

Nutritional properties of Coriander

The nutritional properties of Coriander are various such as minerals, fiber, dietary energy, fiber, calcium, iron, carotene, vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2, vitamin C and sugars etc.

Coriander seed sowing time

Coriander varieties can be cultivated at different times, the best time is winter when the weather starts to get cold. Coriander can be cultivated in the land of vegetables, sugarcane, potatoes, pulses as crops. Coriander seeds should be soaked in water for 4-5 hours before sowing because coriander seeds are prone to drying out.

Cultivation can be done almost throughout the year except for intense heat.

Coriander Cultivation Method

Depending on soil type, land should be prepared with 4-6 plows and ladders.
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Quantity of coriander seeds

1.3-1.6 kg seed per bigha (33 cent) is required for seed sowing in line or bed method. Double seeding is required for sprinkling.

Irrigation

If cultivating coriander to collect leaves, give light irrigation after 3/4 days. Coriander land should have drainage system. After each irrigation, break up the soil just as soon as it comes out. After seeding in summer, mulch the bed lightly with straw, which should not be soiled by irrigation or rainwater splashes.

Weeds

For weed control, the land should be well weeded by plowing and hoeing, use of pure seeds and use of clean agricultural machinery. Weeds should be picked within 25-30 days of sowing. Weeds should be picked before irrigation.

Weather and disasters

Arrangements should be made to collect excess rain water quickly.

Coriander eating insects

To control Coriander weevils, emamectin benzoate insecticide (such as Proclaim 10 g) or cypermethrin insecticide (such as Ripcord or Simbush 20 ml / 4 mouths) should be mixed with every 10 liters of water and sprayed every 5 hundredths, 2 times after 10 days. have to do Care must be taken when spraying the medicine.
Coriander weevils / hepar / weevils, blackflies and whiteflies should be sprayed with imidachloroprid insecticides (eg Edmire or Tido 7-10 ml / 2 mouths) or carbaryl insecticides (eg Sevin 20 gms) mixed with 10 liters of water and sprayed every 5 hundredths for 10 days. 2/3 times. The medicine should be sprayed on the underside of the leaves where the insects are.
To control Coriander cutworm, Cartap insecticide (Care 50 SP or Suntap 50 SP 20 ml / 4 p.) or Lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate 2.5 EC or Fighter Plus 2.5 EC 15 ml / 3 p.) 5 per 10 liters The hundred should be sprayed 2/3 times every 10 days.

Coriander plant diseases

To control Coriander leaf spot disease, spray carbendazim balinasac (Emcozim/Noin 20 grams mixed with 10 liters of water) 2-3 times after 10 days. Care must be taken when spraying the medicine.
Caution: Before using pesticides/insecticides, read the label on the bottle or packet carefully and follow the directions. Wear safety clothing during use. Do not smoke or drink during use. Be careful not to let water from pesticide-sprayed land run into open water bodies. Market the crops of pesticide applied fields at least seven to 15 days later.

Yield

14-16 kg of leaves and 6.8-8.0 kg of coriander per century depending on the variety.
Storage: 5 cm per row after 10-15 days of seedling emergence for leaf crop. Leave one seedling at a time and remove the rest. Harvest within 60 days of coriander cultivation for leaves. Then the same land can be cultivated again by applying 20% ​​less fertilizer.

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Making Vegetables Garden Box

Creating a box garden for vegetables, also known as a raised bed garden, is a great way to grow your own fresh produce, even in a small space. Here’s a simple guide to help you set one up:

 

 1.Choose a location

 – Get at least 6-8 hours of sunlight per day and choose a location that gets plenty of sunlight to give your plant strength.

 – Make sure it has good drainage and is accessible for watering and care.

 

 2.Select the box size and materials

 – Size: A common size is the Sazi 4ft x 4ft or 4ft x 8ft, which is suitable for your space which gives enough space for planting without being too big for your maintenance.

 – Height: Aim for 12-18 inches deep for most vegetables. For root vegetables like carrots, you may want a little more depth. And if you think you won’t grow a vegetable like carrots and radishes, aim for 8-14 inches deep.

 – Materials: You can use untreated wood (cedar or redwood is naturally rot-resistant), brick or cinder block.

 

 3.Make the vegetable box

 – Cut materials: If you are using wood, cut to size. For example, if you’re building a 4×4 box, you’ll need to cut four planks 4 feet long.

 – Assemble: Use screws or nails to attach the sides. Reinforce the corners with brackets if necessary.

 – Place the box: Place the box in a place where the sun shines and set it on the ground, make sure that it is not level so that the water does not flow well.

 

 4.Prepare the soil for the vegetable box

 – Loosen the soil: If planting directly in the ground, loosen the soil slightly for better drainage so that you plant the plants without any discomfort.

 – Fill the box: Mix garden soil with compost to provide rich, well-drained soil. A typical mix is ​​60% topsoil, 30% compost and 10% potting soil or peat moss.

 – Aim for a soil depth of at least 12 inches for most vegetables as the variety gets more vigor with which the plant can grow.

 

 5.Vegetables you can easily plant

 – Choose vegetables such as tomatoes, carrots, cucumbers, which grow well together. Consider companion planting to maximise space and reduce pests.

 – Popular choices for beginners are tomatoes, lettuce, carrots, peppers and herbs like basil or parsley.

 

 6.Water and maintenance

 – Water your garden regularly, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged.

 – Mulch around your plants to retain moisture and prevent weeds.

 – Add compost or organic fertilisers during the growing season.

 

 7.Protection

 – Protect your garden from pests with netting or fencing to ensure no bugs attack your plants.

 – You can also add a trellis for vining plants like cucumbers or beans.

 

 This method helps maximise space and makes the garden easier to manage and maintain. Happy gardening!

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